低危生活方式与全因死亡率：全国健康与营养调查III死亡率研究中的发现

"Objectives:

We examined the relationship between 4 low-risk behaviors–never smoked, healthy diet, adequate physical activity, and moderate alcohol consumption–and mortality in a representative sample of people in the United States.

Methods:

We used data from 16958 participants aged 17years and older in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey III Mortality Study from 1988 to 2006.

Results:

The number of low-risk behaviors was inversely related to the risk for mortality. Compared with participants who had no low-risk behaviors, those who had all 4 experienced reduced all-cause mortality (adjusted hazard ratio [AHR]=0.37; 95% confidence interval [CI]=0.28, 0.49), mortality from malignant neoplasms (AHR=0.34; 95% CI=0.20, 0.56), major cardiovascular disease (AHR=0.35; 95% CI=0.24, 0.50), and other causes (AHR=0.43; 95% CI=0.25, 0.74). The rate advancement periods, representing the equivalent risk from a certain number of years of chronological age, for participants who had all 4 high-risk behaviors compared with those who had none were 11.1years for all-cause mortality, 14.4years for malignant neoplasms, 9.9years for major cardiovascular disease, and 10.6years for other causes.

Conclusions:

Low-risk lifestyle factors exert a powerful and beneficial effect on mortality."