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三聚氰胺污染的配方奶粉与幼儿尿路结石

Melamine-contaminated powdered formula and urolithiasis in young children
Na G., Qingfeng F., Jie D., Yiming Z., Jingqiao L., Yi A., Guobin X., Sainan Z., Chen Y., Lina J., Jing M., Han Z., Dan Z., Xiaoyu L., Yong Y.   |   2009/5/29 18:39:20 
New England Journal of Medicine, 2009   |   Volume 360, Issue 11  |   打印| 推荐给好友
上一篇: 中国非糖尿病患者的代谢综合征和血压盐敏性：一项膳食干预研究
下一篇: 正常人、糖耐量异常者和糖尿病患者的循环preptin水平
A recent epidemic of melamine contamination of baby formula in China has been associated with the development of urinary tract stones, though the clinical manifestations and predisposing factors are incompletely delineated. METHODS We administered a questionnaire to the parents of children 36 months of age or younger who were being screened for a history of exposure to melamine and symptoms of, and possible predisposing factors for, urinary tract stones. In addition, we performed urinalysis, renal-function and liver-function tests, urinary tests for biochemical markers and the calcium:creatinine ratio, and ultrasonography. Powdered-milk infant formulas were classified as having a high melamine content (>500 ppm), a moderate melamine content (<150 ppm), or no melamine (0 ppm); no formulas contained between 150 and 500 ppm of melamine. RESULTS Contaminated formula was ingested by 421 of 589 children. Fifty had urinary stones, including 8 who had not received melamine-contaminated formula; 112 were suspected to have stones; and 427 had no stones. Among children with stones, 5.9% had hematuria and 2.9% had leukocyturia, percentages that did not differ significantly from those among children who were suspected to have stones or those who did not have stones. Serum creatinine, urea nitrogen, and alanine aminotransferase levels were normal in the 22 children with stones who were tested. Four of the 41 children (9.8%) who had stones and in whom urinary markers of glomerular function were measured had evidence of abnormalities; none had tubular dysfunction. Children exposed to high-melamine formula were 7.0 times as likely to have stones as those exposed to no-melamine formula. Preterm infants were 4.5 times as likely to have stones as term infants. CONCLUSIONS Prematurity and exposure to melamine-contaminated formula were associated with urinary stones. Affected children lacked typical signs and symptoms of urolithiasis. Copyright © 2009 Massachusetts Medical Society.
Correspondence Address: Na, G.; Peking University First Hospital, Beijing 
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