1. Weitz J, Koch M, Debus J, Hohler T, Galle PR, Buchler MW. Colorectal cancer. Lancet, 2005,365:153-65
2. Reddy BS, Rao CV, Rivenson A, Kelloff G, Inhibitory effect of aspirin on azoxymethane-induced colon carcinogenesis in F344 rats. Carcinogenesis,1993,14:1493-97
3. Baron JA, Cole BF, Sandler RS, et al. A randomized trial of aspirin to prevent colorectal adenomas. N Engl J Med, 2003,348:891-99
4. Sandler RS, Halabi S, Baron JA, et al. A randomized trial of aspirin to prevent colorectal adenomas in patients with previous colorectal cancer. N Engl J Med,2003,348:883-90
5. Benamouzig R, Deyra J, Martin A, et al. Daily soluble aspirin and prevention of colorectal adenoma recurrence: one-year results of the APACC trial. Gastroenterology,2003,125:328-36
6. Bertagnolli MM, Eagle CJ, Zauber AG,et al. Celecoxib for the prevention of sporadic colorectal adenomas. N Engl J Med, 2006,355:873-84
7. Arber N, Eagle CJ, Spicak J, et al. Celecoxib for the prevention of colorectal adenomatous polyps. N Engl J Med,2006,355:885-95
8. Baron JA, Sandler RS, Bresalier RS, et al. A randomized trial of rofecoxib for the chemoprevention of colorectal adenomas. Gastroen-terology,2006,131:1674-82
9. Levine JS, Ahnen DJ, Adenomatous polyps of the colon. N Engl J Med,2006,355:2551-57
10. Cook NR, Lee IM, Gaziano JM, et al. Low-dose aspirin in the primary prevention of cancer (The Women’s Health Study): a randomized controlled trial. JAMA,2005,294:47-55
11. Solomon SD, Pfeffer MA, McMurray JJ, et al. Effect of celecoxib on cardiovascular events and blood pressure in two trials for the prevention of colorectal adenomas. Circulation ,2006,114:1028-35
12. Bresalier RS, Sandller RS,Quan H, et al, Cardiovascular events associated with rofecoxib in a colorectal adenoma chemoprevention trial . N Engl J Med,2005,352:1092-102
13. Antithrombotic Trialists Collaboration. Collaborative meta-analysis of randomised trials of antiplatelet therapy for prevention of death, myocardial infarction, and stroke in high risk patients. BMJ, 2002,324:71-86
14. Berger JS, Roncaglioni MC, Avanzini F, Pangrazzi I, Tognoni G, Brown DL. Aspirin for the primary prevention of cardiovascular events in women and men: a sex-specific meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. JAMA,2006,295:306-13
15. Camp NJ, Slattery ML, Classification tree analysis: a statistical tool to investigate risk factor interactions with an example for colon cancer(United States). Cancer Causes Control,2002,13:813-23
16. Chia VM, Newcomb PA, Bigler J, Morimoto LM, Thibodeau SN, Potter JD, Risk of microsatellite –unstable colorectal cancer is associated jointly with smoking and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug use. Cancer Res, 2006,66:6877-83
17. Collet JP, Sharpe C, Belzile E, Boivin JF, Hanley J, Abenhaim L. Colorectal cancer prevention by non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs: effects of dosage and timing. Br J Cancer,1999,81:62-68
18. Coogan PF, Rosenberg L, Louik C, et al. NSAIDs and risk of colorectal cancer according to presence or absence of family history of the disease. Cancer Causes Control, 2000,11:249-55
19. Evans RC, Fear S, Ashby D, et al. Diet and colorectal cancer: an investigation of the lectin/galactose hypothesis. Gastroenterology,2002,122:1784-92
20. Friedman GD, Coates AO, Potter JD, Slattery ML.Drugs and colon cancer. Pharmacoepidemiol Drug Saf, 1998,7:99-106
21. Gao X , Sun S , Sun F , et al . Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and the risk of polyposis, colonal carcinoma and rectal carcinoma Chin J Prev Med, 2002 , 36 : 332-35
22. Garcia-Rodriguez LA , Huerta-Alvarez C . Reduced risk of col - orectal cancer among long-term users of aspirin and nonaspirin nonsteroidal antiinfl ammatory drugs. Epidemiology, 2001 , 12 : 88-93
23. Juarranz M , Calle-Puron ME , Gonzalez-Navarro A , et al. Physical exercise , use of Plantago ovata and aspirin , and reduced risk of colon cancer. Eur J Cancer Prev, 2002 , 11 : 465 -72
24. Kune GA , Kune S , Watson LF Colorectal cancer risk , chronic illnesses , operations , and medications : case control results from the Melbourne Colorectal Cancer Study . Cancer Res, 1988 , 48 : 4399-404
25. La Vecchia C, Negri E , Franceschi S, et al . Aspirin and colorectal cancer . Br J Cancer , 1997 , 76 : 675-77
26. Langman MJ , Cheng KK , Gilman EA , Lancashire RJ . Effect of antiinflammatory drugs on overall risk of common cancer : case - control study in general practice research database . BMJ , 2000 , 320 : 1642-46
27. Meier CR, Schmitz S, Jick H. Association between acetaminophen or nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs and risk of developing ovarian , breast, or colon cancer. Pharmacotherapy, 2002 , 22 : 303-09
28. Muscat JE , stellman SD , Wynder EL . Nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs and colorectal cancer . Cancer , 1994 , 74 : 1847-54
29. Muscat JE , stellman SD , Wynder EL .Analgesic use and colorectal cancer. Prev Med, 1995 , 24 : 110-12
30. Neugut AI, Rosenberg DJ , Ahsan H , et al . Association between coronary heart disease and cancers of the breast , prostate , and colon . Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev,1998 , 7 ; 869-73
31. Peleg Ⅱ, Maibach HT , Brown SH , Wilcox CM . Aspirin and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug use and the risk of subsequent colorectal cancer. Arch Intern Med,1994 , 154 : 394-99
32. Peleg Ⅱ, Lubin MF , Cotsonis GA , Clark WS , Wilcox CM . Long - term use of nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs and other chemopreventors and risk of subsequent colorectal neoplasia . Dig Dis Sci , 1996 , 41 : 1319-26
33. Rahme E , Barkun AN , Toubouti Y , Bardou M . The cyclooxyge-nase-2-selective inhibitors rofecoxib and celecoxib prevent colorectal neoplasia occurrence and recurrence .Gastroenterology 2003 , 125 : 404-12
34. Reeves MJ , Newcomb PA , Trentham-Dietz A , Storer BE , Remington PL . Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug use and protection against colorectal cancer in women . Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev,1996 , 5 : 955-60
35. Rosenberg L , Palmer JR , Zauber AG , Warshauer ME , stolley PD, Shapiro S . A hypothesis: nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs reduce the incidence of large-bowel cancer . J Natl Cancer Inst , 1991 , 83 : 355-58
36. Rosenberg L . Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and cancer . Prev Med , 1995 , 24 : 107-09
37. Rosenberg L , Louik C , Shapiro S. Nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drug use and reduced risk of large bowel carcinoma . Cancer , 1998 , 82 : 2326-33
38. Sansbury LB , Millikan RC, Schroeder JC , Moorman PG , North KE , Sandler RS . Use of nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs and risk of colon cancer in a population-based , case-control study of African Americans and Whites Am J Epidemiol , 2005 , 162 : 548-58
39. Sansbury LB , Millikan RC , Schroeder JC , et al . COX-2 polymorphism, use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs , and risk of colon cancer in African Americans ( United States ) . Cancer Causes Control , 2006 , 17 : 257-66
40. Slattery ML, Curtin K, Wolff R, et al. PPARgamma and colon and rectal cancer: associations with specific tumor mutations, aspirin, ibuprofen and insulin-related genes (United States ). Cancer Causes Control , 2006 , 17 : 239-49
41. Slattery ML, Anderson K, Curtin K, et al. Lifestyle factors and Ki-ras mutations in colon cancer tumors .Mutation Res , 2001 , 483 : 73-81
42. Slattery ML, Samowitz W, Hoff man M, Ma KN, Levin TR, Neuhausen S Aspirin, NSAIDs , and colorectal cancer : possible involvement in an insulin-related pathway . Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev,2004 , 13 : 538-45
43. Suh O, Mettlin C , Petrelli NJ. Aspirin use , cancer , and polyps of the large bowel . Cancer , 1993 , 72 : 1171-77
44. Thun MJ , Namboodiri MM , Heath C-WJ . Aspirin use and reduced risk of fatal colon cancer . N Eng1 J Med , 1991 , 325 : 1593-96
45. Thun MJ , Calle EE , Namboodiri MM , et al . Risk factors for fatal colon cancer in a large prospective study. J Natl Cancer Inst , 1992 , 84 : 1491-500
46. Allison M , Garland C , Chlebowski R , et al. The association between aspirin use and the incidence of colorectal cancer in women . Am J Epidemiol , 2006 , 164 : 567-75
47. Chan AT, Giovannucci EL, Meyerhardt JA, Schernhammer ES , Curhan GC , Fuchs CS . Long-term use of aspirin and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and risk of colorectal cancer . JAMA, 2005, 294 : 914-23
48. Giovannucci E , Rimm EB , Stampfer MJ , Colditz GA , Ascherio A , Willett WC Aspirin use and the risk for colorectal cancer and adenoma in male health professionals. Ann Intern Med , 1994 , 121 : 241-46
49. Giovannucci E , Egan KM , Hunter DJ , et al. Aspirin and the risk of colorectal cancer in women . N Engl J Med , 1995 , 333 : 609-14
50. Larsson SC , Giovannucci E , Wolk A . Long-term aspirin use and colorectal cancer risk : a cohort study in Sweden . Br J Cancer , 2006 , 95 : 1277-79
51. Paganini-Hill A , Chao A , Ross RK , Henderson BE . Aspirin use and chronic diseases : a cohort study of the elderly .BMJ , 1989 , 299 : 1247-50
52. Paganini-Hill A , Hsu G , Ross RK , Henderson BE . Aspirin use and incidence of large -bowel cancer in a California retirement community . J Natl Cancer Inst , 1991 , 83 : 1182-83
53. Paganini-Hill A . Aspirin and colorectal cancer : the Leisure World cohort revisited. Prev. Med , 1995 , 24 : 113-15
54. Ratnasinghe LD , Graubard BI, Kahle L , Tangrea JA , Taylor PR , Hawk E . Aspirin use and mortality from cancer in a prospective cohort study. Anticancer Res , 2004 , 24 : 3177-84
55. Schreinemachers DM , Everson RB . Aspirin use and lung , colon , and breast cancer incidence in a prospective study, Epidemiology, 1994,5:138-46
56. Tenenbaum A, Grossman E, Fisman EZ, et al. Long-term diuretic therapy in patients with coronary disease: increased colon cancer-related mortality over a 5-year follow-up. J Hum Hypertens, 2001:373-79
57. Thun MJ, Namboodiri MM, Calle EE, Flanders WD, Heath CWJ, Aspirin use and risk of fatal cancer. Cancer Res, 1993,53:1322-27
58. Mahipal A, Anderson KE, Limburg PJ, Folsom AR. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and subsite-specific colorectal cancer incidence in the Iowa women’s health study, Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev, 2006,15:1785-90
59. Stürmer T, Buring JE, Lee IM, Kurth T, Gaziano JM, Glynn RJ. Colorectal cancer after start of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug use. Am J Med, 2006,119:494-502
60. Smalley W, Ray W A, Daugherty J, Griffi n MR. Use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and incidence of colorectal cancer: a population-based study. Arch Intern Med, 1999,159:161-66
61. Herendeen JM, Lindley C, Use of NSAIDs for the chemoprevention of colorectal cancer. Ann Pharmacother, 2003,37:1664-74
62. Bosetti C, Gallus S, La Vecchia C, Aspirin and cancer risk: an updated quantitative review to 2005.Cancer Causes Control,2006,17:871-88
63. Farquhar CM, Marjoribanks J, Lethaby A, Lamberts Q, Suckling JA, and the Cochrane HT Study Group. Long term hormone therapy for perimenopausal and postmenopausal women. Cochrane Database Syst Rev,2005,CD004143
64. Lawlor DA, Smith GD, Bruckdorfer KR, Kundu D, Ebrahim S. Those confounded vitamins: what can we learn from the differences between observational versus randomized trial evidence? Lancet, 2004,363:1724-27
65. Stürmer T, Glynn RJ, Lee IM, Manson JE, Buring JE, Hennekens CH. Aspirin use and colorectal cancer: post-trial follow-up data from the Physicians’ Health Study. Ann Intern Med,1998,128:713-20
66. Kelloff GJ, Schilsky RL, Alberts DS, et al.Colorectal adenomas: a prototype for the use of surrogate end points in the development of cancer prevention drugs. Clin Cancer Res,2004,10:3908-18
67. Kozuka S, Nogaki M, Ozeki T, Masumori S, Premalignancy of the mucosal polyp in the large intestine:Ⅱ. Estimation of the periods required for malignant transformation of mucosal polyps. Dis Colon Rectum, 1975,18:494-500
68. Peto R, Gray R,Collins R, et al . Randomised trial of prophylactic daily aspirin in British male doctors. BMJ,1988,296:313-16
69. Farrell B, Godwin J, Richards S, Warlow C, The United Kingdom transient ischaemic attack (UK-TIA)aspirin trial: final results. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry,1991,54:1044-54
70. Brewster DH, Stockton D, Harvey J, Mackay M. Reliability of cancer registration data in Scotland,1997.Eur J Cancer, 2002,38:41-17
71. Hawkins MM, Swerdlow AJ. Completeness of cancer and death follow-up obtained through the National Health Service Central Register for England and Wales. Br J Cancer,1992,66:408-13
72. Brewster D, Muir C, Crichton J. Registration of colorectal cancer in Scotland: an assessment of data accuracy based on review of medical records. Public Health,1995,109:285-92
73. Pollock AM, Vickers N. Reliability of the Thames cancer registry on 673 cases of colorectal cancer: effect of the registration process. Qual Health Care, 1995,4:184-89
74. Regula J, Rupinski M, Kraszewska E, et al. Colonoscopy in colorectal-cancer screening for detection of advanced neoplasia. N Engl J Med,2006,355:1863-72
75. Taketo MM. Cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitors in tumorigenesis (partⅡ). J Natl Cancer Inst,1998,90:1690-20
76. Eberhart CE, Coff ey RJ, Radhika A, Giardiello FM, Ferrenbach S, DuBois RN. Up-regulation of cyclooxygenase 2 gene expression in human colorectal adenomas and adenocarcinomas. Gastroenterology, 1994,107:1183-88
77. Niho N, Kitamura T, Takahashi M, et al. Suppression of azoxymethane-induced colon cancer development in rats by a cyclooxygenase-1 selective inhibitor, mofezolac. Cancer Sci, 2006,97:1011-14
78. Cohn SM, Schloemann S, Tessner T, Seibert K, Stenson WF. Crypt stem cell survival in the mouse intestinal epithelium is regulated by prostaglandins synthesized through cyclooxygenase-1.J Clin Invest ,1997,99:1367-79
79. Awtry EH, Loscalzo J. Aspirin. Circulation, 2000,101:1206-18
80. Rubinstein A. Approaches and opportunities in colon-specifi c drug delivery. Crit Rev Ther Drug Carrier Syst, 1995,12:101-49
81. He J, Whelton PK, Vu B, Klag MJ, Aspirin and risk of haemorrhagic stroke: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. JAMA,1998,280:1930-35
82. Garcia Rodriguez LA, Hernandez-Diaz S, de Abajo FJ. Association between aspirin and upper gastrointestinal complications: systematic review of epidemiological studies. Br J Pharmacol, 2001,52:563-71
83. Thiis- Evensen E, Hoff GS, Sauar J, Langmark F, Majak BM, Vatn MH. Population-based surveillance by colonoscopy: effect on the incidence of colorectal cancer. Telemark Polyp Study I. Scand J Gastroenterol, 1999,34:414-20
84. Ulrich CM, Bigler J, Potter JD. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs for cancer prevention: promise, perils and pharmacogenetics. Nat Rev Cancer, 2006,6:130-40
(责任编辑 胡玉平)